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<DIV>--70--/--75--75--75--75-- Hot<BR>--65--/--70--70--70--70--
Warm<BR>--60--/--65--65--65--65--Safe <--<BR>--25--/--30--30--30--30--
Cool<BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"
dir=ltr>
<DIV>"no" <<A href="mailto:no@email.no">no@email.no</A>> wrote in
message <A
href="news:h3scct$v9b$1@trimpas.omnitel.net">news:h3scct$v9b$1@trimpas.omnitel.net</A>...</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>va toks daiktas- tai kuria vieta man
ziureti? :)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>CPU tipas QuadCore Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600,
2400 MHz (9 x 267)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV>"PxYra" <<A href="mailto:nera@nebus.net">nera@nebus.net</A>>
wrote in message <A
href="news:h3sbsn$v18$1@trimpas.omnitel.net">news:h3sbsn$v18$1@trimpas.omnitel.net</A>...</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>tai gal proca parasysi ?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Core i7 and Core 2 Temperature Guide - by
CompuTronix<BR> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Copyright © 2009<BR>All rights
reserved.<BR>Rev. 90512<BR> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>
<DIV><BR>Preface:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>The purpose of this Guide is to provide overclocking enthusiasts with
an understanding of thermal relationships, so that temperatures can be
uniformly tested, accurately calibrated, and properly monitored. This Guide
supports air cooled Core i7 and Core 2 desktop processors. All temperatures
are referenced to Standard Ambient 22c.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Scope:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>This Guide is intended for intermediate to advanced users. Although
certain strict definitions have been relaxed to simplify concepts, this
Guide contains detailed technical information. Knowledge of hardware
configurations, BIOS settings, motherboard manuals and terminology is
required, as well as familiarity with CPU-Z, Prime95 and SpeedFan.<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Sections:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>1: Introduction<BR>2: Specifications <BR>3: Interpretation<BR>4:
Thermal Flow<BR>5: Findings<BR>6: Scale<BR>7: Parameters<BR>8: Tools<BR>9:
Calibrations<BR>10: Results and Variables<BR>11: Offsets<BR>12:
Overclocking<BR>13: Heat Score<BR>14: Recommendations<BR>15:
Troubleshooting<BR>16: Comments<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 1: Introduction<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Core i7 and Core 2 processors have 2 different types of temperature
sensors; a CPU case (not computer case) Thermal Diode centered under the
Cores, and Digital Thermal Sensors located on each Core. The case Thermal
Diode measures Tcase (Temperature case), which is CPU temperature, and the
Digital Thermal Sensors measure Tjunction (Temperature junction), which is
Core temperature. Since these sensors measure 2 distinct thermal levels,
there is a 5c temperature difference between them, which is Tcase to
Tjunction Gradient. Ci7’s and C2Q's have 1 Tcase and 4 Tjunction sensors,
while C2D's have 1 Tcase and 2 Tjunction sensors. Uncalibrated default
temperatures are seldom accurate.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Intel provides complete specifications for Tcase (CPU temperature), but
only partial specifications for Tjunction (Core temperature), which has
caused much confusion and debate in the overclocking community concerning
test methods, temperature monitoring utilities and accuracy. The monitoring
utilities provided by motherboard manufacturers monitor CPU temperature,
while some popular freeware utilities monitor Core temperatures. The most
accurate Core temperature monitoring utility available is Real Temp - <A
href="http://www.techpowerup.com/realtemp/">http://www.techpowerup.com/realtemp/</A>
- which has several unique and innovative features, and is recommended for
users interested in monitoring Core temperatures only.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>SpeedFan monitors Tcase (CPU temperature) and Tjunction (Core
temperature), which can be calibrated for each sensor, while also providing
a full compliment of peripheral temperatures, voltages and fan speeds.
SpeedFan is very flexible and configurable, which includes thermal alarm
settings and graphical charts, as well as many other excellent automated
features for creating a cool yet quiet overclocked computer. When configured
with this Guide, SpeedFan is recommended for overclocking enthusiasts
interested in achieving the most precise custom temperature calibrations,
while observing vital system performance information.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 2: Specifications<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Since temperatures can be confusing to decipher and compare, it is very
important to be specific, so when listing Idle & Load test Results, it
is also necessary to list the Variables as shown below:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Results<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Tcase = Idle & Load<BR>Tjunction = Idle & Load<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Variables<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Ambient = Room Temp<BR>Chipset = Model<BR>i7 / C2 = Model<BR>CPU Cooler
= Model<BR>Frequency = CPU Clock<BR>Load = Test Software<BR>Motherboard =
Model<BR>Stepping = Revision<BR>Vcore = CPU Voltage<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>CPU's can be identified by the product code on the retail box, the
Integrated Heat Spreader on the CPU, and by CPU-Z. Use CPU-Z (see Section 8)
to read the Revision field below the Stepping field, then record the
characters. Use the following link to match the CPU with Intel's Spec# for
VID Voltage Range, Core Stepping, Thermal Design Power, and Thermal
Specification (which is maximum CPU temperature, not maximum Core
temperature).<BR> <BR>Intel Processor Spec Finder: <A
href="http://processorfinder.intel.com/Default.aspx">http://processorfinder.intel.com/Default.aspx</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Intel Thermal Specifications:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(<>) The thermal specification shown is the maximum case
temperature at the maximum Thermal Design Power (TDP) value for that
processor. It is measured at the geometric center on the topside of the
processor integrated heat spreader.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(><) For processors without integrated heat spreaders such as
mobile processors, the thermal specification is referred to as the junction
temperature (Tj). The maximum junction temperature is defined by an
activation of the processor Intel® Thermal Monitor. The Intel Thermal
Monitor's automatic mode is used to indicate that the maximum TJ has been
reached.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Additional Specifications:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Standard Ambient = 22c<BR>Thermal Diode Accuracy = +/-1c<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 3: Interpretation<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(<>) The first part of the spec refers to a single measuring
point on the Integrated Heat Spreader (IHS). Since a thermocouple is
embedded in the IHS for Intel laboratory testing only, CPU temperature is
instead measured using a Thermal Diode centered under the Cores. Maximum
case temperature (Tcase Max) is determined by Spec#. The CPU case Thermal
Diode is how Tcase is measured, and is the CPU temperature displayed in BIOS
and SpeedFan.<BR> <BR>Tcase Max is a specification, Tcase is a
temperature.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>(><) The second part of the spec refers to mobile processors
without Integrated Heat Spreaders (IHS). Although desktop processors have an
IHS, both variants measure the hot spots on each Core using Digital Thermal
Sensors (DTS). Maximum junction temperatures (Tjunction Max) are determined
by Intel factory Calibrations. The Digital Thermal Sensors are how Tjunction
is measured, and are the Core temperatures displayed in SpeedFan.<BR>
<BR>Tjunction Max is a specification, Tjunction is a temperature.<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Section 4: Thermal Flow<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Heat originates within the Cores, where Tjunction sensors are located
on the hot spots of each Core. Most of the heat dissipates from the top of
the Cores through the Integrated Heat Spreader and CPU cooler to air inside
the computer. Some of the heat dissipates from the bottom of the Cores
through the CPU case, which creates a 5c thermal Gradient toward the center
of the substrate, where the Tcase sensor is located. This heat then
dissipates through the socket and motherboard to air inside the computer.
Safe and sustainable temperatures are determined by CPU cooling efficiency,
computer case cooling efficiency, Ambient temperature, Vcore, clock speed
and Load.<BR> <BR>Tjunction is higher than Tcase.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Tcase is higher than Ambient.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Section 5: Findings<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(A) Tcase is acquired on the CPU substrate from the CPU case Thermal
Diode as an analog level, which is converted to a digital value by the super
I/O (Input/Output) chip on the motherboard. The digital value is BIOS
Calibrated and displayed by temperature software. Motherboard BIOS
Calibration affects the accuracy of Tcase, or CPU temperature.<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(B) Tjunction is acquired on the Cores from Thermal Diodes as analog
levels, which are converted to digital values by the Digital Thermal Sensors
(DTS) on each Core. The digital values are Factory Calibrated and displayed
by temperature software. Intel Factory Calibration affects the accuracy of
Tjunction, or Core temperatures.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(C) Tcase and Tjunction are both acquired from Thermal Diodes. Tcase
and Tjunction analog to digital (A to D) conversions are executed by
separate devices in different locations. BIOS Calibrations from motherboard
manufacturers, Factory Calibrations from Intel, and popular temperature
utilities are frequently inaccurate.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(D) The Specification that Intel supports in the Processor Spec Finder
for Core i7 and Core 2 desktop processors is Tcase Max, not Tjunction Max.
Ambient to Tcase Delta has known Offsets which vary with power dissipation
and cooler efficiency, and is Calibrated at Idle using a standardized Test
Setup.<BR> <BR>Ambient is used to Calibrate Tcase Idle.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>(E) Intel provides only partial documentation for Tjunction Max on
desktop processors. For Throttling and thermal Shutdown protection, Intel
uses the Digital Thermal Sensors (DTS) to monitor Delta to Tjunction Max,
which is a relative value that varies from Core to Core, and is not an
absolute temperature.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(F) Tjunction Max must be known to calculate absolute Core temperature,
which is Tjunction. Popular temperature monitoring utilities may incorrectly
estimate undisclosed Tjunction Max values, which results in excessive Core
temperatures and inconsistent Tcase to Tjunction Gradients among Ci7 and C2
variants.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(G) Existing test data from several Intel papers - <A
href="http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0709/0709.1861.pdf">http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0709/0709.1861.pdf</A>
- as well as numerous independent sources show Tcase to Tjunction Gradient
has a known Offset which is 5c, and is Calibrated at Load using a
standardized Test Setup.<BR> <BR>Tcase Load is used to Calibrate
Tjunction Load.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Section 6: Scale<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Safe and sustainable temperatures vary according to Spec#. The
temperature Scales shown below illustrate the Delta between Idle and Load,
and the 5c Gradient between Tcase and Tjunction. Although the 5c Gradient is
relatively consistent, Tcase and Tjunction tend to converge at Idle and
diverge at Load due to Variables such as Vcore and CPU cooler efficiency.
Low Vcore and clock may cause Tcase to Tjunction Gradient to indicate less
than 4c at Idle, while high Vcore and overclock may cause the Gradient to
exceed 6c at Load.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>If temperatures increase beyond Hot Scale, then a few degrees below
Tjunction Max, Throttling is activated. The Digital Thermal Sensors (DTS)
are used to trigger Intel's TM1 and TM2 technologies for frequency,
multiplier and Vcore Throttling within individual Cores. If Core
temperatures exceed Tjunction Max, then Shutdown occurs. Since Tcase
indicates CPU substrate temperature only, it is not used for Throttle or
Shutdown activation, however, as Tcase Max will be exceeded before Tjunction
Max is reached, Tcase Max is always the limiting thermal
specification.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Use CPU-Z (see Section 8) to read processor information including the
Revision field below the Stepping field, then choose a Scale below which
matches the CPU being tested. Scales are ordered from highest to lowest
Tcase Max, according to Intel Thermal Specifications.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Scale 1: Quad<BR>Q9550S: Tcase Max 76c, Stepping E0, TDP 65W, Idle
16W<BR>Q9400S: Tcase Max 76c, Stepping R0, TDP 65W, Idle 16W<BR>Q8x00S:
Tcase Max 76c, Stepping R0, TDP 65W, Idle 16W<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--75--/--80--80--80--80--
Hot<BR>--70--/--75--75--75--75-- Warm<BR>--65--/--70--70--70--70--Safe
<--<BR>--25--/--30--30--30--30-- Cool<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Scale 2: Duo<BR>E8x00: Tcase Max 74c, Stepping E0, TDP 65W, Idle
8W<BR>E7x00: Tcase Max 74c, Stepping R0, TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>E7x00: Tcase
Max 74c, Stepping M0, TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>E5x00: Tcase Max 74c, Stepping R0,
TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>E5200: Tcase Max 74c, Stepping M0, TDP 65W, Idle
8W<BR>E4700: Tcase Max 73c, Stepping G0, TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>E4x00: Tcase
Max 73c, Stepping M0, TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>E2xx0: Tcase Max 73c, Stepping M0,
TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>E8600: Tcase Max 72c, Stepping E0, TDP 65W, Idle
8W<BR>E8xx0: Tcase Max 72c, Stepping C0, TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>E6x50: Tcase
Max 72c, Stepping G0, TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>E6540: Tcase Max 72c, Stepping G0,
TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--70--/--75--75-- Hot<BR>--65--/--70--70--
Warm<BR>--60--/--65--65--Safe <--<BR>--25--/--30--30-- Cool</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Scale 3: Quad<BR>Q9x50: Tcase Max 71c, Stepping E0, TDP 95W, Idle
16W<BR>Q9x50: Tcase Max 71c, Stepping C1, TDP 95W, Idle 16W<BR>Q9400: Tcase
Max 71c, Stepping R0, TDP 95W, Idle 16W<BR>Q9300: Tcase Max 71c, Stepping
M1, TDP 95W, Idle 16W<BR>Q8x00: Tcase Max 71c, Stepping R0, TDP 95W, Idle
16W<BR>Q8200: Tcase Max 71c, Stepping M1, TDP 95W, Idle 16W<BR>Q6x00: Tcase
Max 71c, Stepping G0, TDP 95W, Idle 16W<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--70--/--75--75--75--75--
Hot<BR>--65--/--70--70--70--70-- Warm<BR>--60--/--65--65--65--65--Safe
<--<BR>--25--/--30--30--30--30-- Cool<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Scale 4: Quad<BR>Ci7 9xx: Tcase Max 68c, Stepping C0, TDP 130W, Idle
16W<--Core i7<BR>QX6x50: Tcase Max 65c, Stepping G0, TDP 130W, Idle
16W<BR>QX6800: Tcase Max 65c, Stepping G0, TDP 130W, Idle 16W<BR>QX6700:
Tcase Max 65c, Stepping B3, TDP 130W, Idle 24W<BR>QX9650: Tcase Max 64c,
Stepping C1, TDP 130W, Idle 16W<BR>QX9650: Tcase Max 64c, Stepping C0, TDP
130W, Idle 16W<BR>QX9775: Tcase Max 63c, Stepping C0, TDP 150W, Idle
16W<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--65--/--70--70--70--70--
Hot<BR>--60--/--65--65--65--65-- Warm<BR>--55--/--60--60--60--60--Safe
<--<BR>--25--/--30--30--30--30-- Cool<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Scale 5: Quad<BR>Q6600: Tcase Max 62c, Stepping B3, TDP 105W, Idle
24W<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--60--/--65--65--65--65--
Hot<BR>--55--/--60--60--60--60-- Warm<BR>--50--/--55--55--55--55--Safe
<--<BR>--25--/--30--30--30--30-- Cool<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Scale 6: Duo<BR>E6x00: Tcase Max 61c, Stepping L2, TDP 65W, Idle
12W<BR>E4x00: Tcase Max 61c, Stepping L2, TDP 65W, Idle 12W<BR>E21x0: Tcase
Max 61c, Stepping L2, TDP 65W, Idle 8W<BR>X6800: Tcase Max 60c, Stepping B2,
TDP 75W, Idle 24W<BR>E6x00: Tcase Max 60c, Stepping B2, TDP 65W, Idle 24W
(Spec# SL9Sx)<BR>E6x00: Tcase Max 60c, Stepping B2, TDP 65W, Idle 12W (Spec#
SL9Zx)<BR>E6x20: Tcase Max 60c, Stepping B2, TDP 65W, Idle 12W<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--60--/--65--65-- Hot<BR>--55--/--60--60--
Warm<BR>--50--/--55--55--Safe <--<BR>--25--/--30--30-- Cool<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Scale 7: Quad<BR>QX9770: Tcase Max 56c, Stepping C1, TDP 136W, Idle
16W<BR>QX6800: Tcase Max 55c, Stepping B3, TDP 130W, Idle 24W<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--55--/--60--60--60--60--
Hot<BR>--50--/--55--55--55--55-- Warm<BR>--45--/--50--50--50--50--Safe
<--<BR>--25--/--30--30--30--30-- Cool<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 7: Parameters<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(A) NO temperatures can be less than Ambient.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(B) Standard Ambient temperature is specified at 22c.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(C) All temperatures increase as Ambient, clock and Vcore
increase.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(D) Tcase to Tjunction Gradient is 5c during Prime95 Small FFT's at
stock settings.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(E) Tcase and Tjunction should not exceed Hot Scale during Prime95
Small FFT's.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(F) Vcore Load should not exceed 1.375 volts on Core i7
processors.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(G) Vcore Load should not exceed 1.3625 volts on 45nm
processors.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(H) Vcore Load should not exceed 1.5 volts on 65nm
processors.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(I) Idle to Load Delta may exceed 25c when overclocked.<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 8: Tools<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Hardware:<BR> <BR>A trusted indoor analog or digital thermometer
will be needed to measure Ambient. The accuracy of this device and
measurement will determine the overall accuracy of the Calibrations.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Software:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>CPU-Z and SpeedFan will be used to Calibrate Tcase at Idle. Prime95
will be used in addition to CPU-Z and SpeedFan to Calibrate Tjunction at
Load. SpeedFan will then be used to permanently monitor
temperatures.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Use the following links to download and install these
utilities:<BR> <BR>CPU-Z 1.51: <A
href="http://www.cpuid.com/cpuz.php">http://www.cpuid.com/cpuz.php</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Prime95 25.9: <A
href="http://mersenne.org/freesoft/#newusers">http://mersenne.org/freesoft/#newusers</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>SpeedFan 4.38: <A
href="http://www.almico.com/speedfan.php">http://www.almico.com/speedfan.php</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Note 1: Prime95 - When run for the first time, it is necessary to
click on Advanced, then click on Round off checking so that errors caused by
instabilities will be flagged as they occur. Prime95 will automatically
thread all Cores, and will expose insufficient CPU cooling and computer case
cooling, or excessive Vcore and overclock. At no other time will a CPU be as
heavily loaded, or display higher temperatures, even when OC'd during
worst-case loads such as gaming or video editing. Prime95 can be used with
SpeedFan to observe CPU temps, while stress testing for system stability.
During single threaded gaming and applications, Core 0 typically carries
heavier loads and higher temps than other Cores.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Note 2: SpeedFan - Very flexible and configurable, SpeedFan is the
preferred temperature monitoring utility because Tcase and Tjunction can be
Calibrated. SpeedFan detects and labels thermal sensors according to various
motherboard, chipset and super I/O chip configurations, so the label for
Tcase can be CPU, Temp 1, Temp 2, or Temp 3. Even if Tcase is labeled as
CPU, it is still necessary to confirm the identity of Tcase prior to
performing Calibrations.<BR> <BR>Repeatedly start and stop Prime95
Small FFT's at 15 second intervals, while observing which SpeedFan
temperature scales with an Idle to Load Delta similar to the Cores. This
will identify the label corresponding to Tcase. Labels can later be renamed
using the Configure button. See Section 11.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>If a temperature shows a flame icon, this indicates alarm limits
which require adjustment. Use the Configure button to set CPU and Core temp
alarms to Warm Scale. If a temperature shows Aux 127, this is simply an
unassigned input which can be disabled using the Configure button. See
Section 11.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 9: Calibrations<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Default temperatures are rarely accurate. The following two part
procedure is designed to achieve two objectives:<BR> <BR>Provide
minimum Ambient to Tcase Delta for accurate Tcase Idle Calibration.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Provide maximum Tcase to Tjunction Gradient for accurate Tjunction
Load Calibration.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Note: It is preferred, but not required, that Calibrations be
conducted as close to 22c Standard Ambient as possible, which provides a
normal temperature ceiling, and maintains environmental consistency for
comparing Idle and Load temperatures among processor variants and system
platforms.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Prerequisites:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(A) CPU cooler correctly installed.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(B) Print this Section to use for BIOS settings and
Calibrations.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(C) Record or photo or Save Profile all BIOS settings for quick restore
when Calibrations are complete.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(D) Follow the Test Setup: (Standardized configuration for maximum
cooling at Auto Vcore, Frequency and Multiplier).<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Computer Case Covers = Removed<BR>Computer Case Fans = Manual 100%
RPM<BR>CPU Fan = Manual 100% RPM<BR>CPU Frequency = Auto (See Note 1: below)
**<BR>CPU Internal Thermal Control = Enabled<BR>Enhanced C1 Control (C1E) =
Enabled<BR>Internet = Disconnected<BR>Memory Frequency = Auto<BR>PECI (If
Equipped) = Enabled<BR>Speedstep (EIST) = Enabled<BR>Vcore = Auto (See Note
1: below) **<BR>Vdimm = Auto<BR>Windows Programs = Closed<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Part 1: Calibration - Tcase Idle (Uses maximum cooling at minimum
Vcore, Frequency and Multiplier)<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>** Note 1: If BIOS does not respond properly to Auto Vcore, Frequency
and Multiplier settings, then use an appropriate combination of manual
settings to provide the following in CPU-Z:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Core Voltage = 1.100 V<BR>Core Speed = 1600 Mhz (Core i7
processors)<BR>Core Speed = 1600 Mhz (Core 2 - 65 nm processors)<BR>Core
Speed = 2000 Mhz (Core 2 - 45 nm processors)<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(A) Measure Ambient near the computer case air intake, clear of warm
exhaust. A trusted indoor analog or digital thermometer will suffice. The
accuracy of this device and measurement will determine the overall accuracy
of the Calibrations.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(B) Boot into Windows. Close all programs, background processes, Screen
Savers, SETI, Folding and Tray software. Press Ctrl-Alt-Delete, click on
Task Manager, then click on the Performance tab to confirm CPU Usage is less
than 1%. Use the Applications and Processes tabs to close programs if
necessary.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(C) Open CPU-Z and SpeedFan. Observe CPU-Z for Intel's Speedstep to
decrease Core Voltage, Core Speed and Multiplier to minimum values. Observe
SpeedFan, allow 10 minute at Idle to ensure that temperatures decrease to
minimums, then record Tcase Idle.<BR> <BR>Tcase Idle = Ambient +
Z.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>"Z" compensates for Idle power dissipation and CPU cooler
efficiency. Use the Scales in Section 6 to find "X" Idle Power, use the
links in Section 14 to find "Y" Cooler Efficiency, use the Table and Formula
below to find "Z", then add Ambient to find Tcase Idle. <BR> <BR>Idle
Power and Cooler Efficiency Table:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>X = 2 . . . Idle Power: 8W . . . . Y = 2 . . . . Cooler Efficiency:
High-end<BR>X = 3 . . . Idle Power: 12W . . . Y = 3 . . . . Cooler
Efficiency: High mid-range<BR>X = 4 . . . Idle Power: 16W . . . Y = 4 . . .
. Cooler Efficiency: Mid-range<BR>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
. . . . Y = 5 . . . . Cooler Efficiency: Low mid-range<BR>X = 6 .. . . Idle
Power: 24W . . . Y = 6 . . . . Cooler Efficiency: Low-end / Stock
Intel<BR> <BR>Tcase Idle Formula:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>(X + Y) / 2 = Z + Ambient = Tcase Idle.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Note 2: CPU and cooler combinations which are both lapped may subtract
1c from Tcase Idle.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Example 1: Duo<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Idle Power: E2160, Stepping M0, Idle 8W, so X = 2.<BR>Cooler
Efficiency: Mid-range – Arctic Cooling Freezer 7 Pro, so Y = 4.<BR>(2 + 4)
/ 2 = 3, so Z = 3.<BR>Ambient = 22c.<BR>3 + 22 = 25, so Tcase Idle =
25c.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Example 2: Quad<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Idle Power: i7 920, Stepping C0, Idle 16W, so X = 4.<BR>Cooler
Efficiency: High-end – Xigmatek HDT-S1283, so Y = 2.<BR>(6 + 2) / 2 = 3 so
Z = 3.<BR>Ambient = 22c.<BR>3 + 22 = 25, so Tcase Idle = 25c.<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(D) Configure Offset correction as shown in Section 11. Since the Tcase
sensor was designed to be linear from Idle to Load, Tcase Load will also be
accurate.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Part 2: Calibration - Tjunction Load (Uses maximum cooling at Stock
Vcore, Frequency and Multiplier)<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>** Note 1: If BIOS does not respond properly to Stock Vcore, Frequency
and Multiplier settings, then use an appropriate combination of manual
settings to provide the following in CPU-Z:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Core Voltage = 1.250 V<BR>Core Speed = Stock Mhz<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(A) Start Prime95 Small FFT's. Observe CPU-Z for Intel's Speedstep to
increase Core Voltage, Core Speed and Multiplier to Stock values. Observe
SpeedFan. Heat saturation is typically reached within 7 to 8 minutes, so
allow 10 minutes at Load to assure that temperatures increase to maximums,
then record Tjunction for each Core.<BR> <BR>Tjunction Load = Tcase
Load + 5c.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Example 1: Duo<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Tcase Load = 45c<BR>Tjunction Load = 50c<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--45--/--50--50--<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Example 2: Quad<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Tcase Load = 45c<BR>Tjunction Load = 50c<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>-Tcase/Tjunction-<BR>--45--/--50--50--50--50--<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(B) Configure Offset corrections as shown in Section 11.<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(C) Stop Prime95, then allow the system to Idle for 10 minutes.
Tjunction Idle should be ~ 4c higher than Tcase Idle.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Note 2: Tjunction sensors were designed to be linear at high
temperatures for Throttle and Shutdown protection, so Tjunction Idle could
indicate too low or too high. Many 45 nanometer variants have faulty sensors
that "stick" and might not Idle below 50c. Sensors can be tested using Real
Temp - <A
href="http://www.techpowerup.com/realtemp/">http://www.techpowerup.com/realtemp/</A><BR>
<BR>If Tjunction Idle is not ~ 4c higher than Tcase Idle, then use Tcase
Idle for accurate Idle temperature.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>(D) Repeat Item (A) and allow Prime95 to run past 10 minutes while
reinstalling covers. If temperatures increase, then computer case cooling
should be improved.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(E) Restore the system to original or custom BIOS settings and hardware
/ software preferences.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 10: Results and Variables<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Prime95 Small FFT's should verify that Tjunction Load = Tcase Load +
5c. If temperatures do not meet the Parameters, then check the Test Setup
and repeat Parts 1 and 2. Remember that Tcase and Tjunction tend to converge
at Idle and diverge at Load due to Variables such as Vcore and CPU cooler
efficiency. Low Vcore and clock may cause Tcase to Tjunction Gradient to
indicate less than 4c at Idle on an E2xxx, while a heavily overclocked Core
i7 with high Vcore may exceed Tcase to Tjunction Gradient of 6c at
Load.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>If temperatures are allowed to increase beyond Hot Scale, then a few
degrees below Tjunction Max Throttling is activated. If Core temperatures
exceed Tjunction Max, then Shutdown occurs. Since Tcase Max will be exceeded
before Tjunction Max is reached, Tcase Max is always the limiting thermal
specification.<BR> <BR>It is not recommended to continually operate
processors, overclocked or stock, at Hot Scale for reasons of stability and
longevity.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>The following Examples each represent typical overclocked systems,
which have moderately high Vcore settings, yet still maintain Safe
temperatures at 100% Workload. Note that Tcase to Tjunction Gradient shows
6c at Load due to high Vcore. This is normal and expected, since 5c was
Calibrated using a Test Setup standardized for maximum cooling capacity at
Stock Vcore, Frequency and Multiplier settings.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Example 1: Duo<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Tcase = 29c Idle, 60c Load (SpeedFan: CPU or Temp x)<BR>Tjunction = 33c
Idle, 66c Load (SpeedFan: Core x)<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Ambient = 22c<BR>Chipset = P45<BR>CPU = E8400<BR>CPU Cooler= Arctic
Cooling Freezer 7 Pro<BR>Frequency = 4.0 Ghz<BR>Load = Prime95 - Small FFT's
- 10 minutes <BR>Motherboard = Asus P5Q Deluxe<BR>Stepping = C0 <BR>Vcore
Load = 1.350<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Example 2: Quad<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Tcase = 31c Idle, 60c Load (SpeedFan: CPU or Temp x)<BR>Tjunction = 35c
Idle, 66c Load (SpeedFan: Core x) <BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Ambient = 22c<BR>Chipset = X58<BR>CPU = i7 920<BR>CPU Cooler= Xigmatek
HDT-S1283<BR>Frequency = 3.8 Ghz<BR>Load = Prime95 - Small FFT's - 10
minutes <BR>Motherboard = Asus P6T Deluxe<BR>Stepping = C0 <BR>Vcore Load =
1.300<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Idle to Load Delta will vary among systems due to inconsistencies such
as Ambient temp, Vcore, clock frequencies, sensor linearity, CPU cooling,
heat spreader and heat sinc flatness, thermal compound, computer case
cooling, graphics card(s) cooling, and software processes. Excessive
background processes running simultaneously may not allow low Idle temps.
Low Vcore and stock clock may result in low Idle to Load Delta. High Vcore
and overclock may exceed 25c Idle to Load Delta, as shown in the Examples
above.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Erroneous BIOS Calibrations from motherboard manufacturers, Factory
Calibrations from Intel, and popular temperature monitoring utilities often
result in Tcase and Tjunction inaccuracies. Since Intel's Thermal Diode spec
is +/-1c, temperatures can still be accurate when SpeedFan is properly
Calibrated, which should indicate Core temperatures that are within a few
degrees of Real Temp.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 11: Offsets<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>SpeedFan can be configured to correct for inaccurate Tcase (CPU or Temp
x) and Tjunction (Core x).<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(A) From the Readings tab, click on the Configure button, then click on
the Advanced tab, and click on the Chip field, directly under the
tabs.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(B) Next, go to SpeedFan's installation Program Group, and click on the
Help and HOW-TO Icon. This help file can also be found by searching for the
filename speedfan.chm.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(C) Under Contents, click on How to configure, then click on How to set
Advanced Options. Read this section, including Other interesting options,
with emphasis on Temperature x offset.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(D) If additional help is needed, click on the following link to
SpeedFan's homepage, then click on the Support, Articles, Screenshots and
F.A.Q. tabs: <A
href="http://www.almico.com/speedfan.php">http://www.almico.com/speedfan.php</A><BR>
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>When CPU and Core Offsets have been completed, SpeedFan will be
accurate. SpeedFan is also extremely useful for observing temperatures and
Vcore using the Charts tab, while thermal benchmarking with Prime95 Small
FFT's.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Tips:<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(A) Tcase may be labeled as CPU, Temp 1, Temp 2 or Temp 3, but is most
frequently labeled as Temp 2. Follow Section 8, Note 2 to correctly identify
which label corresponds to Tcase.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(B) Tjunction is labeled Core 0, Core 1, etc. <BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(C) Graphics Processors are labeled Core.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(D) Graphics Cards which display a sensor labeled Ambient, must not be
used for measuring room temperature.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(E) SpeedFan flame Icons are alarm limits which can be adjusted to Warm
Scale using the Configure button.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(F) SpeedFan Aux 127 is an unassigned input which can be disabled using
the Configure button.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>(G) Core 0 typically carries heavier loads and higher temps during
single threaded gaming and applications, so SpeedFan should be configured to
"Show in Tray" Core 0.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Section 12: Overclocking<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Intel's Thermal Design Power (TDP) spec can be exceeded by over 50%
when CPU frequency is aggressively overclocked, and Vcore is increased to
maintain stability. When the default Vcore spec (on the retail box) is
increased by just 10%, it becomes difficult to maintain Safe Scale with
high-end cooling. As Ambient temperature increases, Vcore and overclock may
need to be decreased.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Every processor is unique in it's overclock potential, voltage
tolerance, and thermal behavior. If the maximum stable overclock is known at
1.35 Vcore (65nm) or 1.25 Vcore (45nm), then ~ 300 Mhz of additional
overclock remains until Safe Scale is exeeded due to increased Vcore. Each
increase of 0.05 volts will typically allow a stable increase of ~ 100 Mhz,
and will result in a corresponding increase in CPU and Core temperatures of
3 to 4c.<BR> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>At 1.5 Vcore Max (65nm), or 1.3625 Vcore Max (45nm), or 1.375 Vcore Max
(i7) with 100% Workload and 22c Ambient, highly effective CPU cooling and
computer case cooling are req