<HTML><HEAD></HEAD> <BODY dir=ltr> <DIV dir=ltr> <DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000"> <DIV role=note class=hatnote><FONT face="Times New Roman">Main article: </FONT><A title="Cuban assistance to the Sandinista National Liberation Front" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_assistance_to_the_Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cuban assistance to the Sandinista National Liberation Front</FONT></A></DIV> <P><FONT face="Times New Roman">Beginning in 1967, the </FONT><A title=Cuba style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cuban</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> General Intelligence Directorate, or DGI, had begun to establish ties with Nicaraguan revolutionary organizations. By 1970 the DGI had managed to train hundreds of Sandinista guerrilla leaders and had vast influence over the organization. After the successful ousting of Somoza, DGI involvement in the new Sandinista government expanded rapidly. An early indication of the central role that the DGI would play in the Cuban-Nicaraguan relationship is a meeting in </FONT><A title=Havana style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Havana</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> on July 27, 1979, at which diplomatic ties between the two countries were re-established after more than 25 years. Julián López Díaz, a prominent DGI agent, was named Ambassador to Nicaragua. Cuban military and DGI advisors, initially brought in during the Sandinista insurgency, would swell to over 2,500 and operated at all levels of the new Nicaraguan government.</FONT></P> <P><FONT face="Times New Roman">The Cubans would like to have helped more in the development of Nicaragua towards socialism.</FONT></P> <P><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT> </P> <P><FONT face="Times New Roman">According to </FONT><A title="University of Cambridge" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cambridge University</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><A title=Historian style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historian"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">historian</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><A title="Christopher Andrew (historian)" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Andrew_%28historian%29"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Christopher Andrew</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, who undertook the task of processing the </FONT><A title="Mitrokhin Archive" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitrokhin_Archive"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mitrokhin Archive</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT><A title="Carlos Fonseca Amador" class=mw-redirect style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Fonseca_Amador"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Carlos Fonseca Amador</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, one of the original three founding members of <STRONG>the FSLN had been recruited by the </STRONG></FONT><A title=KGB style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB"'><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>KGB</STRONG></FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG> in 1959 while on a trip to </STRONG></FONT><A title=Moscow style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow"'><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>Moscow</STRONG></FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>.</STRONG> This was one part of </FONT><A title="Aleksandr Shelepin" class=mw-redirect style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Shelepin"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Aleksandr Shelepin</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">'s 'grand strategy' of using national </FONT><A title="Liberation movement" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_movement"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">liberation movements</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> as a spearhead of the Soviet Union's foreign policy in the </FONT><A title="Third World" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_World"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Third World</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, <STRONG>and in 1960 the KGB organized funding and training for twelve individuals that Fonseca handpicked</STRONG>. These individuals were to be the core of the new Sandinista organization. In the following several years, the FSLN tried with little success to organize </FONT><A title="Guerrilla warfare" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">guerrilla warfare</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> against the government of </FONT><A title="Luis Somoza Debayle" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Somoza_Debayle"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Luis Somoza Debayle</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">. After several failed attempts to attack government strongholds and little initial support from the local population, the National Guard nearly annihilated the Sandinistas in a series of attacks in 1963. Disappointed with the performance of Shelepin's new Latin American "revolutionary vanguard", the KGB reconstituted its core of the Sandinista leadership into the ISKRA group and used them for other activities in Latin America.</FONT></P> <P><FONT face="Times New Roman">According to Andrew, </FONT><A title="Vasili Mitrokhin" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_Mitrokhin"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mitrokhin</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> says during the following three years the KGB handpicked several dozen Sandinistas for intelligence and sabotage operations in the United States. Andrew and Mitrokhin say that in 1966, this KGB-controlled Sandinista sabotage and intelligence group was sent to northern </FONT><A title=Mexico style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mexico</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> near the US border to conduct surveillance for possible </FONT><A title=Sabotage style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabotage"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">sabotage</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">.<SUP id=cite_ref-Mitrokhin_82-0 class=reference><A style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front#cite_note-Mitrokhin-82"'>[82]</A></SUP></FONT></P> <P><FONT face="Times New Roman">In July 1961 during the </FONT><A title="Berlin Crisis of 1961" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Berlin Crisis of 1961</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> KGB chief Alexander Shelepin sent a memorandum to Soviet premier </FONT><A title="Nikita Khrushchev" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Nikita Khrushchev</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> containing proposals to create a situation in various areas of the world which would favor dispersion of attention and forces by the US and their satellites, and would tie them down during the settlement of the question of a German peace treaty and </FONT><A title="West Berlin" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Berlin"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">West Berlin</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">. It was planned, inter alia, to organize an armed mutiny in Nicaragua in coordination with </FONT><A title=Cuba style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cuba</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> and with the "Revolutionary Front Sandino". Shelepin proposed to make appropriations from <FONT size=4><STRONG>KGB funds in addition to the previous assistance $10,000 for purchase of arms.</STRONG></FONT></FONT></P> <P><FONT face="Times New Roman">Khrushchev sent the memo with his approval to his deputy </FONT><A title="Frol Kozlov" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frol_Kozlov"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Frol Kozlov</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> and on August 1 it was, with minor revisions, passed as a </FONT><A title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">CPSU Central Committee</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> directive. The KGB and the </FONT><A title="Soviet Ministry of Defense" class=mw-redirect style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Ministry_of_Defense"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Soviet Ministry of Defense</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> were instructed to work out more specific measures and present them for consideration by the Central Committee.<SUP id=cite_ref-83 class=reference><A style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front#cite_note-83"'>[83]</A></SUP></FONT></P> <H5><SPAN id=Cooperation_with_foreign_intelligence_agencies_during_the_1980s class=mw-headline><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cooperation with foreign intelligence agencies during the 1980s</FONT></SPAN></H5> <P><FONT face="Times New Roman">Other researchers have documented the contribution made from other </FONT><A title="Warsaw Pact" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Pact"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Warsaw Pact</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> intelligence agencies to the fledgling Sandinista government including the </FONT><A title="East German" class=mw-redirect style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_German"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">East German</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><A title=Stasi style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasi"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Stasi</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman">, by using recently declassified documents from </FONT><A title=Berlin style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Berlin</FONT></A><SUP id=cite_ref-Koehler_84-0 class=reference><A style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front#cite_note-Koehler-84"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">[84]</FONT></A></SUP><FONT face="Times New Roman"> as well as from former Stasi spymaster </FONT><A title="Markus Wolf" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus_Wolf"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">Markus Wolf</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> who described the Stasi's assistance in the creation of a </FONT><A title="Secret police" style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_police"'><FONT face="Times New Roman">secret police</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> force modeled on East Germany's.<SUP id=cite_ref-Wolf_85-0 class=reference><A style='href: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front#cite_note-Wolf-85"'>[85]</A></SUP></FONT></P> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>"Audrys" wrote in message news:npcgea$due$1@trimpas.omnitel.net... </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>rusija nikaragvoj? salvadore?</DIV> <DIV>jav niekur is isvardintu nedalyvavo ir nereme. zinoma. nuosirdziai tikime</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>"Bone Daddy" wrote in message news:npc6aq$bo3$1@trimpas.omnitel.net...</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Šaltasis karas buvo tik ant popieriaus, žiūrint televizorių.</DIV> <DIV>O realiai vyko žiaurūs karai Korėjoj, Vietname, Laose, Kambodžoj, Nikaragua,</DIV> <DIV>Salvadore, Afrikoj ir daug kur . . 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