China has had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two thousand years, during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline. Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China has become one of the world's fastest-growing major economies. As of 2016, it is the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). China is also the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods.[22] China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world's largest standing army and second-largest defense budget.[23][24] Following a widespread civil war during which the imperial library at Xianyang was burned,[o] the Han dynasty emerged to rule China between 206 bce and ce 220, creating a cultural identity among its populace still remembered in the ethnonym of the Han Chinese.[60][61] The Han expanded the empire's territory considerably, with military campaigns reaching Central Asia, Mongolia, South Korea, and Yunnan, and the recovery of Guangdong and northern Vietnam from Nanyue. Han involvement in Central Asia and Sogdia helped establish the land route of the Silk Road, replacing the earlier path over the Himalayas to India. Han China gradually became the largest economy of the ancient world.[63] Despite the Han's initial decentralization and the official abandonment of the Qin philosophy of Legalism in favor of Confucianism, Qin's legalist institutions and policies continued to be employed by the Han government and its successors.[64] Under the succeeding Tang and Song dynasties, Chinese economy, technology, and culture entered a golden age.[68] The Tang Empire returned control of the Western Regions and the Silk Road,[69] and made the capital Chang'an a cosmopolitan urban center. However, it was devastated and weakened by the An Shi Rebellion in the 8th century.[70] In 907, the Tang disintegrated completely when the local military governors became ungovernable. The Song Dynasty ended the separatist situation in 960, leading to a balance of power between the Song and Khitan Liao. The Song was the first government in world history to issue paper money and the first Chinese polity to establish a permanent standing navy which was supported by the developed shipbuilding industry along with the sea trade.[71] Between the 10th and 11th centuries, the population of China doubled in size to around 100 million people, mostly because of the expansion of rice cultivation in central and southern China, and the production of abundant food surpluses. A peasant named Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynasty in 1368 and founded the Ming dynasty. Under the Ming Dynasty, China enjoyed another golden age, developing one of the strongest navies in the world and a rich and prosperous economy amid a flourishing of art and culture. It was during this period that Zheng He led voyages throughout the world, reaching as far as Africa.[77] In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, China's capital was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. The Qing dynasty, which lasted from 1644 until 1912, was the last imperial dynasty of China. Its conquest of the Ming (1618-1683) cost 25 million lives and the economy of China shrank drastically.[80] After the Southern Ming ended, the further conquest of the Dzungar Khanate added Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang to the empire pasiskaityk internetus pries lodamas. kitaicai, jei noretu bulvem ruskelius uzmetytu ir tie nieko negaletu kitaicam padaryt. -- t. "Audrys" <kokskienoreikalaskokiadeze@takas.lt> wrote in message news:ogukqi$aen$1@trimpas.omnitel.net... > nu papasakok apie kinu uzkariavimus. Nuo mongolu siena state 1000 metu > ..... > > "tomasz" wrote in message news:oguad9$3jc$1@trimpas.omnitel.net... > specialisto komentaras! > -- > > t. > "Audrys" <kokskienoreikalaskokiadeze@takas.lt> wrote in message > news:ogu8j6$2do$1@trimpas.omnitel.net... >> gau i straubli, kaip visada istorijoj gaudavo nuo visu. >> Kitaicas geras darbininkas, bet chujovatas karys. >> >> "Bone Daddy" wrote in message news:ogtvms$r70$1@trimpas.omnitel.net... >> >> O kas bus, kai kinieciai pasakys: >> ?????????? ???! >> >> "FK" wrote in message news:ogtrtl$nnh$1@trimpas.omnitel.net... >> >> nieks netrukdo situ teritoriju atsisakyti. Viena grazia diena Poroshenko >> isejes i tribuna pareiskia "MES PRIPAZISTAME DNR ir LNR nepriklausomybe", >> ir toliau jie laimingai gyveno per amzius. Betiksle kova ir tiek. >> >> Bone Daddy wrote: >>> ???? ??? ?????????? ????? >>> ???????????????? ???????, ? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? - ??? >>> ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????. >> >