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During the French Revolution in the 1790s, "The Law of the Maximum" was 
imposed in an attempt to decrease inflation. It consisted of limits on wages 
and food prices.[2] Many dissidents were executed for breaking this law.[5] 
The law was repealed 14 months after its introduction.[5]

By turning the crimes of price gouging and food hoarding into crimes against 
the government, France had limited success. With respect to its overt 
intention, that of ensuring the people were able to purchase food at a 
reasonable rate, the Maximum was mostly a failure. Some merchants having 
found themselves forced into a position to sell their goods for a price 
lower than what it cost to create it (i.e. cost of baking bread, growing 
vegetables, etc.,) chose to hide their expensive goods from the market, 
either for personal use or for sale on the black market.[6] However, the 
General Maximum was very successful in deflecting a volatile political issue 
away from the Committee of Public Safety and Robespierre, enabling them to 
focus on larger political issues more closely related to completing the 
French Revolution.[7]

In creating the General Maximum, Maximilien Robespierre shifted the 
attention of the French people away from government involvement in 
widespread shortages of money and food to a fight between consumers and 
merchants. The text of the General Maximum was written towards businessmen 
who were profiting on a large scale from the demise of the French economy. 
However, in practice, the law ultimately targeted local shopkeepers, 
butchers, bakers, and farmers-the merchants who were profiting the least 
from the economic crisis.[8] With the General Maximum, Robespierre offered 
the people an answer regarding whom to blame for their poverty and their 
hunger. Furthermore, considering its association with the Law of Suspects, 
when a citizen informed the government about a merchant who was in violation 
of the law, they were considered to have done their civic duty.[9]